associatedModerate evidence
Fibrosis and cardiovascular disease
Galectin-3 is associated with fibrosis and adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes and is studied as a biomarker in these settings.1
Glycome Atlas
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Glycome Atlas
protein
Also known as galectin, S-type lectins, beta-galactoside-binding lectins
Gal (β1-4) → GlcNAc
How to read these diagrams (SNFG)
Each shape is a class of sugar and each colour a specific one. Structures read right to left, with the reducing end (the point of attachment) on the right.
Plain-language answer
Galectins are a family of proteins that recognize and bind galactose-containing sugars on the surface of cells. By cross-linking these sugars they organize receptors on the cell surface and send signals that influence how cells grow, stick together, and die.1
Galectins help tune the immune system, control inflammation, and are involved in cancer and fibrosis. Galectin-3 in particular is studied as a marker and driver in heart and kidney disease.1
Technical detail
Galectins are soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectins defined by a conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain; through multivalent binding they form glycan lattices that modulate receptor clustering, cell adhesion, and immune cell fate.1
Galectins occur as prototype, tandem-repeat, and chimera types that differ in valency; their ability to bridge N-acetyllactosamine-bearing glycoproteins creates ordered surface lattices that regulate the residency and signaling of receptors.1
Galectins act both inside and outside cells to shape T-cell activation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses, contributing to immune tolerance and resolution.1
Human relevance
Galectin-3 is associated with fibrosis and adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes and is studied as a biomarker in these settings.1
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References